多點(diǎn)協(xié)作系統(tǒng)中異步干擾特性及其預(yù)編碼設(shè)計(jì)
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4 性能分析
在數(shù)值模擬中,以一城市多基站協(xié)作微蜂窩多用戶系統(tǒng)下行傳輸鏈路為分析對(duì)象,如圖1所示。小區(qū)內(nèi)的多用戶間干擾可通過MIMO-OFDM技術(shù)加以解決。為了主要討論小區(qū)間的信號(hào)異步干擾,以及分析問題的簡(jiǎn)化,考慮的仿真場(chǎng)景為:3個(gè)相鄰小區(qū),分布3個(gè)發(fā)射基站和2個(gè)接收用戶,基站間的距離為500 m,且每基站發(fā)射天線數(shù)和用戶接收天線數(shù)目均為2,即M=3,K=2,Nt=2,Nr=2,進(jìn)一步假設(shè)每個(gè)基站發(fā)射功率相同,傳輸信道是瑞利平坦衰落的,數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)制采用QPSK方式,符號(hào)脈沖為方波且持續(xù)時(shí)間Ts為1 μs。
如圖3和圖4所示的性能仿真,對(duì)四種情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,即情況(A):基站間無協(xié)作,視鄰近小區(qū)信號(hào)為干擾噪聲;情況(B):多基站協(xié)作傳輸,且考慮了到達(dá)目標(biāo)用戶的期望信號(hào)和干擾信號(hào)間異步特性,但沒有經(jīng)過處理,視為異步干擾對(duì)待;情況(C):多基站協(xié)作傳輸,在充分考慮目標(biāo)用戶期望信號(hào)與來自其他用戶干擾信號(hào)的異步傳輸特性基礎(chǔ)上,通過基站端聯(lián)合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的預(yù)編碼矩陣進(jìn)行預(yù)處理以盡量減小異步干擾對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能影響;情況(D):忽略信號(hào)傳輸異步特性的理想同步多基站協(xié)作傳輸。
如圖3所示為四種情況下用戶信噪比(Es/No)與系統(tǒng)平均最小均方誤差(MMSE)變化關(guān)系;如圖4所示為四種情況下用戶信噪比(Es/No)與系統(tǒng)平均頻譜效率((b/s)/Hz)變化關(guān)系。從圖3和圖4可知,理想的多基站同步協(xié)作模式獲得的系統(tǒng)均方誤差特性和平均頻譜效率最好,在異步環(huán)境中受制于信號(hào)異步干擾影響的多基站協(xié)作傳輸所獲得的系統(tǒng)性能明顯降低。但若能進(jìn)一步考慮系統(tǒng)中的信號(hào)傳輸異步特性,并通過一定的預(yù)編碼矩陣聯(lián)合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,則可明顯改善系統(tǒng)性能,有利于減小異步干擾信號(hào)的影響。
從以上討論可看出,即使在完美的定時(shí)提前機(jī)制下能保證各協(xié)作基站到達(dá)目標(biāo)用戶期望信號(hào)是同步的,但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,由于不同的路徑傳輸時(shí)延,也很難確保來自其他用戶的干擾信號(hào)與期望信號(hào)同時(shí)到達(dá)目標(biāo)用戶,因此在協(xié)作多基站聯(lián)合向多用戶發(fā)射數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)不可避免地會(huì)產(chǎn)生干擾信號(hào)傳輸?shù)漠惒叫浴O鄳?yīng)地,若能在Co-MP系統(tǒng)中充分得知各干擾信號(hào)傳輸?shù)臅r(shí)間異步結(jié)構(gòu),并聯(lián)合一定的預(yù)編碼優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,則可減小異步干擾對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。特別是在高速率數(shù)據(jù)傳輸情況下,更應(yīng)全面而充分地考慮協(xié)作系統(tǒng)中各信號(hào)傳輸?shù)臅r(shí)間異步特性。若系統(tǒng)存在定時(shí)提前誤差,則還應(yīng)進(jìn)一步考慮定時(shí)抖動(dòng)對(duì)目標(biāo)用戶期望信號(hào)的接收影響。此外,在考慮信號(hào)傳輸異步特性基礎(chǔ)上如何找到一種低復(fù)雜度、高可靠性的預(yù)編碼優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)算法,還值得進(jìn)一步深入研究。
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