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s3c6410硬件RTC實時時鐘

作者: 時間:2016-11-09 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
1、OVERVIEW綜述
The Real Time Clock (RTC) unit can be operated by the backup battery when the system power is off. The data
include the time by second, minute, hour, date, day, month, and year. The RTC unit works with an external 32.768

KHz crystal and can perform the alarm function.

本文引用地址:http://m.butianyuan.cn/article/201611/317626.htm

當(dāng)系統(tǒng)電源關(guān)閉時,通過備用電源可以運行實時時鐘(RTC)單元。數(shù)據(jù)包含的時間,即秒,分鐘,小時,日期,日,月和年。RTC 工作由一個外部32.768kHz 的晶體驅(qū)動,并可以執(zhí)行報警功能。

2、FEATURES特性

The Real Time Clock includes the following features:
• BCD number: second, minute, hour, date, day, month, and year. BCD編碼。
• Leap year generator閏年發(fā)生器。
• Alarm function: alarm-interrupt or wake-up from power-off mode.報警功能:報警中斷或從斷電模式中喚醒。
• Tick counter function: tick-interrupt or wake-up from power-off mode.時鐘計數(shù)功能:時鐘節(jié)拍中斷或從斷電模式中喚醒。
• Year 2000 problem is removed.這個在下面說,千年蟲問題。
• Independent power pin (RTCVDD).
• Supports millisecond tick time interrupt for RTOS kernel time tick.可以用于實時操作系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)時鐘

3、REAL TIME CLOCK OPERATION DESCRIPTION實時時鐘的結(jié)構(gòu)框圖

3.1、 LEAP YEAR GENERATOR閏年發(fā)生器

The leap year generator can determine the last date of each month out of 28, 29, 30, or 31, based on data from
BCDDAY, BCDMON, and BCDYEAR. This block considers leap year in deciding on the last date. An 8-bit counter
can only represent 2 BCD digits, therefore it cannot decide whether “00” year (the year with its last two digitszeros) is a leap year or not.To solve this problem,the RTC block in 6410 has hard-wired logic to support the leap year in 2000. Note 1900 is not leap year while2000 is leap year. Therefore, two digits of 00 in 6410 denote 2000, not 1900.So, RTC in 6410 supports from 1901 to 2099.

閏年發(fā)生器通過BCDDAY, BCDMON 和BCDYEAR 的數(shù)據(jù)來決定每個月的最后一天是28,29,30 還是31。
這個模塊是通過決定最后的日期來判斷閏年的。一個8 位的計數(shù)器只能代表兩個BCD 數(shù)字,因此它不能決
定‘00’年(年的最后兩個數(shù)字為‘00’)是不是閏年. 舉例來說,它不能區(qū)分1900 年和2000 年。要解決這個問題,S3C6410 中的實時時鐘模塊,在2000 年中,硬連接邏輯支持閏年。注意1900 年不是閏年,
而2000 年是閏年。因此在S3C6410 中的‘00’的兩個數(shù)字表示2000 而不是1900。所以6410支持1901年到2099年。

3.2、READ/WRITE REGISTER讀寫寄存器

Bit 0 of the RTCCON register must be set high in order to write the BCD register in RTC block.To display the
second, minute, hour, day, date, month, and year, the CPU must read the data in BCDSEC, BCDMIN, BCDHOUR,
BCDDATE, BCDDAY, BCDMON, and BCDYEAR registers respectively in the RTC block.However, a one second
deviation may exist because multiple registers are read.For example, when the user reads the registers from
BCDYEAR to BCDMIN, the result is assumed to be 2059 (Year), 12 (Month), 31 (Date), 23 (Hour) and 59 (Minute).
When the user read the BCDSEC register and the value ranges from 1 to 59 (Second), there is no problem, but, if
the value is 0 sec., the year, month, date, hour, and minute may be changed to 2060 (Year), 1 (Month), 1 (Date), 0
(Hour) and 0 (Minute) because of the one second deviation that was mentioned. In this case, the user must reread
from BCDYEAR to BCDSEC if BCDSEC is zero.

RTCCON 寄存器的位0 必須被設(shè)置為高位,為了是可以寫入實時時鐘模塊中的BCD 寄存器,以顯示秒,分鐘,小時,日期,日,月和年。CPU 必須分別在RTC 模塊的BCDSEC, BCDMIN, BCDHOUR, BCDDATE, BCDDAY,
BCDMON 和 BCDYEAR 寄存器中讀取數(shù)據(jù)。但是,因為多個寄存器被讀取,所以可能有一秒的偏差存在。例
如,當(dāng)用戶從BCDYEAR 到BCDMIN 讀取寄存器時,結(jié)果假設(shè)為2059(年),12(月),31(日期),23(小時)
和59(分鐘)。當(dāng)用戶讀取BCDSEC 寄存器及值范圍從1 到59(秒)時,沒有問題,但值為0 秒,年,月,日,小時和分鐘將被改變?yōu)?060(年),1(月),1(日期),0(小時)和0(分鐘),就是因為這一秒的變差。在這種情況下,如果BCDSEC 置0,用戶必須從BCDYEAR 到BCDSEC 重新讀取。

3.4 、ALARM FUNCTION報警功能,可以對照看上面的那個結(jié)構(gòu)框圖
The RTC generates ALARM_INT(alarm interrupt) and ALARM_WK(alarm wake-up) at a specified time in the
power-down mode, power off mode or normal operation mode.

實時時鐘在斷電模式或正常操作模式的某一特定時間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生一個報警信號

In normal operation mode, If ALARM registervalue is a same to BCD register, ALARM_INT is activated as well as the ALARM_WK.正常模式下,ALARM_INT和ALARM_WK都被激活

In the power-off and powerdown,If ALARM register value is a same to BCD register,ALARM_WK is activated.在斷電模式下或省電模式下,ALARM_WK被激活

The RTC alarm register(RTCALM) determines the alarm enable/disable status and the condition of the alarm time setting.實時時鐘報警寄存器(RTCALM),決定了報警啟用/禁用的狀態(tài)和報警時間設(shè)置的條件

3.5、 TICK TIME INTERRUPT 中斷

The RTC tick time is used for interrupt request. TheRTCCON[8]register has an interrupt enable bit. The count
value reaches ‘0’ when the tick time interrupt occurs.實時時鐘標(biāo)記時間被用于中斷請求。TICNT寄存器有一個中斷使能位和一個相關(guān)的計數(shù)器值。每個時鐘脈沖,計數(shù)值減一。當(dāng)TICK TIME中斷發(fā)生計數(shù)器的值達到‘0’,TICK TIME中斷發(fā)生。中斷周期

Then the period of interrupt is as follows:
Period = (n+1)/32768 second (n= tick counter value)

看下圖,那個32768是可選的。


這個和下面這個寄存器有關(guān):



公式中的n= tick counter value和下面這個寄存器有關(guān):


3.6、 32.768 KHZ X-TAL CONNECTION EXAMPLE時鐘晶振電路

4、寄存器:

s3c6410的RTC在linux中的驅(qū)動(1)的鏈接地址



關(guān)鍵詞: s3c6410硬件RTC實時時

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