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增量式PID的stm32實(shí)現(xiàn)，整定過(guò)程

作者： 時(shí)間：2016-11-28 來(lái)源：網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
首先說(shuō)說(shuō)增量式PID的公式，這個(gè)關(guān)系到MCU算法公式的書(shū)寫(xiě)，實(shí)際上兩個(gè)公式的寫(xiě)法是同一個(gè)公式變換來(lái)得，不同的是系數(shù)的差異。
資料上比較多的是：

還有一種是：

感覺(jué)第二種的Kp Ki Kd比較清楚，更好理解，下面介紹的就以第二種來(lái)吧。（比例、積分、微分三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的作用這里就詳細(xì)展開(kāi)，百度會(huì)有很多）

硬件部分：
控制系統(tǒng)的控制對(duì)象是4個(gè)空心杯直流電機(jī)，電機(jī)帶光電編碼器，可以反饋轉(zhuǎn)速大小的波形。電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊是普通的L298N模塊。
芯片型號(hào)，STM32F103ZET6

軟件部分：
PWM輸出：TIM3，可以直接輸出4路不通占空比的PWM波
PWM捕獲：STM32除了TIM6 TIM7其余的都有捕獲功能，使用TIM1 TIM2 TIM4 TIM5四個(gè)定時(shí)器捕獲四個(gè)反饋信號(hào)
PID的采樣和處理：使用了基本定時(shí)器TIM6，溢出時(shí)間就是我的采樣周期，理論上T越小效果會(huì)越好，這里我取20ms，依據(jù)控制對(duì)象吧，如果控制水溫什么的采樣周期會(huì)是幾秒幾分鐘什么的。

上面的PWM輸出和捕獲關(guān)于定時(shí)器的設(shè)置都有例程，我這里是這樣的：
TIM3輸出四路PWM，在引腳 C 的 GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7 | GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9輸出
四路捕獲分別是TIM4TIM1TIM2TIM5，對(duì)應(yīng)引腳是：PB7 PE11 PB3 PA1
高級(jí)定時(shí)器tim1的初始化略不同，它的中斷”名稱(chēng)“和通用定時(shí)器不同，見(jiàn)代碼：
  2. void TIM3_PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
  3. {
  4. GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
  5. TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDefTIM_TimeBaseStructure;
  6. TIM_OCInitTypeDefTIM_OCInitStructure;
  9. RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
  10. RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC| RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);//使能GPIO外設(shè)和AFIO復(fù)用功能模塊時(shí)鐘使能
  12. GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_FullRemap_TIM3, ENABLE); //Timer3全映射 GPIOC-> 6,7,8,9//用于TIM3的CH2輸出的PWM通過(guò)該LED顯示
  14. //設(shè)置該引腳為復(fù)用輸出功能,輸出TIM3 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 的PWM脈沖波形
  15. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin =GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7 | GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9; //初始化GPIO
  16. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//復(fù)用推挽輸出
  17. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  18. GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  19. GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOC,GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7 | GPIO_Pin_8 | GPIO_Pin_9);//默認(rèn)電機(jī)使能端狀態(tài)：不使能
  21. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個(gè)更新事件裝入活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)重裝載寄存器周期的值
  22. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來(lái)作為T(mén)IMx時(shí)鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值這里是72分頻，那么時(shí)鐘頻率就是1M
  23. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0; //設(shè)置時(shí)鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
  24. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;//TIM向上計(jì)數(shù)模式
  25. TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時(shí)間基數(shù)單位
  28. TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1; //選擇定時(shí)器模式:TIM脈沖寬度調(diào)制模式1
  29. TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable; //比較輸出使能
  30. TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 0; //設(shè)置待裝入捕獲比較寄存器的脈沖值
  31. TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High; //輸出極性:TIM輸出比較極性高
  33. TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);//根據(jù)TIM_OCInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化外設(shè)TIMx
  34. TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);//使能TIMx在CCR1上的預(yù)裝載寄存器
  37. TIM_OC2Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);//根據(jù)TIM_OCInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化外設(shè)TIMx
  38. TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);//使能TIMx在CCR2上的預(yù)裝載寄存器
  40. TIM_OC3Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);//根據(jù)TIM_OCInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化外設(shè)TIMx
  41. TIM_OC3PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);//使能TIMx在CCR3上的預(yù)裝載寄存器
  43. TIM_OC4Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);//根據(jù)TIM_OCInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化外設(shè)TIMx
  44. TIM_OC4PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);//使能TIMx在CCR4上的預(yù)裝載寄存器
  46. TIM_ARRPreloadConfig(TIM3, ENABLE); //使能TIMx在ARR上的預(yù)裝載寄存器
  49. TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);//使能TIMx外設(shè)
  52. }
  58. void TIM4_PWMINPUT_INIT(u16 arr,u16 psc)
  59. {
  61. TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDefTIM_TimeBaseStructure;//TIM的初始化結(jié)構(gòu)體
  62. NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;//中斷配置
  63. TIM_ICInitTypeDefTIM4_ICInitStructure;//TIM4PWM配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  64. GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//IO口配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  66. RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4, ENABLE);//Open TIM4 clock
  67. RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);//open gpioB clock
  69. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_7;//GPIO 7
  70. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//上拉輸入
  71. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  72. GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  74. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個(gè)更新事件裝入活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)重裝載寄存器周期的值
  75. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來(lái)作為T(mén)IMx時(shí)鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
  76. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0; //設(shè)置時(shí)鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
  77. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;//TIM向上計(jì)數(shù)模式
  78. TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM4, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時(shí)間基數(shù)單位
  82. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM4_IRQn;
  83. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  84. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
  85. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  86. NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  88. TIM4_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;
  89. TIM4_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
  90. TIM4_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
  91. TIM4_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  92. TIM4_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x3;//Filter:過(guò)濾
  94. TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM4, &TIM4_ICInitStructure);//PWM輸入配置
  95. TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM4, TIM_TS_TI2FP2);//選擇有效輸入端
  96. TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM4, TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);//配置為主從復(fù)位模式
  97. TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM4, TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable);//啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器的被動(dòng)觸發(fā)
  98. TIM_ITConfig(TIM4, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);//中斷配置
  99. TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  100. TIM_Cmd(TIM4, ENABLE);
  101. }
  104. void TIM4_IRQHandler(void)
  105. {
  107. if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM4, TIM_IT_CC2) != RESET)//捕獲1發(fā)生捕獲事件
  108. {
  109. duty_TIM4=TIM_GetCapture1(TIM4); //采集占空比
  110. if(TIM_GetCapture2(TIM4)>600)period_TIM4=TIM_GetCapture2(TIM4);//簡(jiǎn)單的處理
  111. CollectFlag_TIM4 = 0;
  112. }
  113. TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM4, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  114. }
  119. void TIM1_PWMINPUT_INIT(u16 arr,u16 psc)
  120. {
  122. TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDefTIM_TimeBaseStructure;//TIM的初始化結(jié)構(gòu)體
  123. NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;//中斷配置
  124. TIM_ICInitTypeDefTIM1_ICInitStructure;//PWM配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  125. GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//IO口配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  127. RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1, ENABLE);//Open TIM1 clock
  128. RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE, ENABLE);//open gpioE clock
  129. GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_FullRemap_TIM1, ENABLE); //Timer1完全重映射TIM1_CH2->PE11
  130. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11;//GPIO 11
  131. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;//上拉輸入
  132. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  133. GPIO_Init(GPIOE, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  135. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個(gè)更新事件裝入活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)重裝載寄存器周期的值
  136. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來(lái)作為T(mén)IMx時(shí)鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
  137. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0; //設(shè)置時(shí)鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
  138. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;//TIM向上計(jì)數(shù)模式
  139. TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM1, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時(shí)間基數(shù)單位
  143. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel =TIM1_CC_IRQn;//TIM1捕獲中斷
  144. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  145. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
  146. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  147. NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  149. TIM1_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;
  150. TIM1_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
  151. TIM1_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
  152. TIM1_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  153. TIM1_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x03;//Filter:過(guò)濾
  155. TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM1, &TIM1_ICInitStructure);//PWM輸入配置
  156. TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM1, TIM_TS_TI2FP2);//選擇有效輸入端
  157. TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM1, TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);//配置為主從復(fù)位模式
  158. TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM1, TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable);//啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器的被動(dòng)觸發(fā)
  159. // TIM_ITConfig(TIM1, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);//中斷配置
  160. TIM_ITConfig(TIM1, TIM_IT_CC2, ENABLE); //通道2 捕獲中斷打開(kāi)
  161. //TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM1, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  162. TIM_Cmd(TIM1, ENABLE);
  163. }
  166. void TIM1_CC_IRQHandler(void)
  167. {
  169. {
  170. if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM1, TIM_IT_CC2) != RESET)//捕獲1發(fā)生捕獲事件
  171. {
  172. duty_TIM1=TIM_GetCapture1(TIM1); //采集占空比
  173. if(TIM_GetCapture2(TIM1)>600)period_TIM1=TIM_GetCapture2(TIM1);
  174. CollectFlag_TIM1 = 0;
  175. }
  176. }
  177. TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM1, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  178. }
  183. void TIM2_PWMINPUT_INIT(u16 arr,u16 psc)
  184. {
  186. TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDefTIM_TimeBaseStructure;//TIM的初始化結(jié)構(gòu)體
  187. NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;//中斷配置
  188. TIM_ICInitTypeDefTIM2_ICInitStructure;//TIM2PWM配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  189. GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;//IO口配置結(jié)構(gòu)體
  191. RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, ENABLE);//Open TIM2 clock
  192. // RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);//open gpioB clock
  193. RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB| RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);//使能GPIO外設(shè)和AFIO復(fù)用功能模塊時(shí)鐘
  194. GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_Remap_SWJ_JTAGDisable,ENABLE);//關(guān)閉JTAG
  195. GPIO_PinRemapConfig(GPIO_FullRemap_TIM2, ENABLE); //Timer2完全重映射TIM2_CH2->PB3
  197. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_3;//GPIO 3
  198. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode =GPIO_Mode_IPU;//浮空輸入 上拉輸入
  199. GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  200. GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  202. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr; //設(shè)置在下一個(gè)更新事件裝入活動(dòng)的自動(dòng)重裝載寄存器周期的值
  203. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler =psc; //設(shè)置用來(lái)作為T(mén)IMx時(shí)鐘頻率除數(shù)的預(yù)分頻值
  204. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0; //設(shè)置時(shí)鐘分割:TDTS = Tck_tim
  205. TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;//TIM向上計(jì)數(shù)模式
  206. TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure); //根據(jù)TIM_TimeBaseInitStruct中指定的參數(shù)初始化TIMx的時(shí)間基數(shù)單位
  210. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
  211. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
  212. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
  213. NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
  214. NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
  216. TIM2_ICInitStructure.TIM_Channel = TIM_Channel_2;
  217. TIM2_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPolarity = TIM_ICPolarity_Rising;
  218. TIM2_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICSelection = TIM_ICSelection_DirectTI;
  219. TIM2_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICPrescaler = TIM_ICPSC_DIV1;
  220. TIM2_ICInitStructure.TIM_ICFilter = 0x3;//Filter:過(guò)濾
  222. TIM_PWMIConfig(TIM2, &TIM2_ICInitStructure);//PWM輸入配置
  223. TIM_SelectInputTrigger(TIM2, TIM_TS_TI2FP2);//選擇有效輸入端
  224. TIM_SelectSlaveMode(TIM2, TIM_SlaveMode_Reset);//配置為主從復(fù)位模式
  225. TIM_SelectMasterSlaveMode(TIM2, TIM_MasterSlaveMode_Enable);//啟動(dòng)定時(shí)器的被動(dòng)觸發(fā)
  226. TIM_ITConfig(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update, ENABLE);//中斷配置
  227. TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  228. TIM_Cmd(TIM2, ENABLE);
  229. }
  232. void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
  233. {
  234. {
  235. if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC2) != RESET)//捕獲1發(fā)生捕獲事件
  236. {
  237. duty_TIM2=TIM_GetCapture1(TIM2); //采集占空比
  238. if(TIM_GetCapture2(TIM2)>600)period_TIM2=TIM_GetCapture2(TIM2);
  239. CollectFlag_TIM2 = 0;
  240. }
  241. }
  242. TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM2, TIM_IT_CC2|TIM_IT_Update); //清除中斷標(biāo)志位
  243. }

  245.
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