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架空輸電線路雷電過電壓識別

作者: 時間:2012-12-17 來源:網(wǎng)絡 收藏
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  實際輸電線路兩端往往接有避雷器、變電站,電源等。電流行波在母線處會發(fā)生多次折反射。本文所利用的識別特征量取自輸電線路電流行波的波頭部分。本文所提出特征參量計算區(qū)間為電流行波峰值前4μs ,只要電流信號取樣點距離母線> 600 m ,即可認為所獲取的電流行波波頭未含有發(fā)生反射的電流行波,所提取出的特征量是真實可信的。只要選擇合適的測量點,輸電線路兩端接線不會對本文所提出的識別方法產(chǎn)生影響。

  6  結論

  為避免變電站內(nèi)部接線對類型辨識問題的影響,本文分析了感應、繞擊、反擊3 種發(fā)生時輸電線路電流行波的波形特點,并利用EMTP 仿真驗證了這些特點?;诜抡娼Y果,提出了的識別特征量,并分析了實際線路中其它因素對特征量的影響,得出如下結論:

  a) 當感應雷過電壓發(fā)生時,由于三相導線空間位置基本相近,三相電流波形基本相似; 發(fā)生反擊時,在絕緣子未擊穿之前,電流行波為電磁耦合分量,幅值較小。陡度低,上升時間長,絕緣子擊穿之后,由于雷電流直接注入導線,閃絡相電流行波幅值陡升;發(fā)生繞擊時,雷電流直擊注入導線,電流行波不存在電磁耦合分量,其幅值直接大幅陡升。

  b) 基于上述特點,可利用三相波形最小相似度Smin來區(qū)分感應和直擊雷電過電壓。對于直擊雷電過電壓,可以利用雷擊相電流行波波頭在[ 2 % Imax ,5 % Imax ] ,[5 % Imax , 50 % Imax ]兩個區(qū)間的上升時間之比ρ來識別繞擊和反擊雷電過電壓。

  c) 對于實際工程應用,合理設置電流閾值和上升時間比ρ的計算區(qū)間,即可避開沖擊電暈以及雷擊桿塔時感應過電壓的影響;合理設置電流行波信號采樣點,可避開線路接線端折反射波對識別參量的干擾。仿真表明本文所提出的特征量不受雷電流波形參數(shù)影響,能夠有效地辨識感應,繞擊,反擊等雷電過電壓。

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