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IAR STM32 函數(shù)和變量的絕對(duì)地址定位

作者: 時(shí)間:2016-11-10 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
昨天我突然冒出個(gè)想法,能否利用函數(shù)變量的絕對(duì)定位,實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的模塊化更新。

也就是說,如果我要改變某個(gè)函數(shù),只需要更新flash里面一個(gè)局部,也許只需要更新幾百個(gè)字節(jié),而無須重新下載整個(gè)上百K的程序。

經(jīng)過查找資料和反復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下:

1) 把函數(shù)定位在FLASH高端的指定位置,以后更新,只更新那小塊地方就可以了。

方法一:

IAR里面進(jìn)行函數(shù)定位, 必須要在.icf里面,進(jìn)行定義。

void sendstr(unsigned *buf,unsigned shortlen) @".sendstr"
{
....
}

.icf文件,加入這樣一句:
place at address mem:0x08017000 { readonly section .sendstr};

方法二)把要更新的函數(shù),單獨(dú)放在一個(gè).c文件中,然后再.icf文件里面,對(duì)該文件進(jìn)行定位:
test.c

int f1(int a,int b){
if(a>0){
return (a+b)*1;
}
else return 0;
}
int f2(int a,int b){
if(a>0){
return (a+b)*1;
}
else return 0;
}

那么在 .icf文件中,這樣寫:
place at address mem:0x08018000 { section .text object test.o };
編譯完成后, f1就定位在0x08018000 處了,當(dāng)然f2也緊跟在f1后面。整個(gè)test.c文件的所有函數(shù),都在0x08018000 之后。

如果有多個(gè)函數(shù)需要單獨(dú)更新,建議采用第二種方式, 只需要對(duì)c文件編譯后的地址定位,那么該c文件的所有函數(shù)都定位了。

絕對(duì)定位的函數(shù),只要指定了地址,那么在flash里面的位置就是固定的。


即使是兩個(gè)不同的工程,比如第一個(gè)工程為實(shí)際工程,里面有所有的工程文件,第二個(gè)工程為更新專用工程,里面僅僅只有test.c文件,里面的函數(shù)是同名的,定位地址與第一個(gè)工程也一樣。

那么這樣編譯后,第二個(gè)工程里面的固件片斷,是可以用來更新一個(gè)工程的固件的。

這樣還可以派生出一個(gè)很怪的用法:
我可以把更新專用工程,公布給別人,他只需要在test.c里面,編寫函數(shù)的具體內(nèi)容。 然后一樣可以更新產(chǎn)品的固件。
真正的實(shí)際工程,是不需要公布的。

以上是對(duì)函數(shù)的絕對(duì)定位處理。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2)變量定位

變量絕對(duì)定位:
__no_init char array1[100]@0x2000B000;

變量絕對(duì)定位,無須修改.icf,直接指定

這個(gè)array1就定位在RAM中的0x2000B000處

常量絕對(duì)定位:
const char str1[8]@".MYSEG"="test11!!";
常量絕對(duì)定位,需要改.icf文件:
place at address mem:0x08018500 { readonly section .MYSEG};

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3)跨工程固件更新注意事項(xiàng):

固件更新區(qū)的絕對(duì)定位的函數(shù),不能隨意調(diào)用其他庫函數(shù),那些被調(diào)用的函數(shù)也必須是絕對(duì)定位的。否則跨工程更新固件,會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗,因?yàn)楸徽{(diào)用的函數(shù)在不同工程里,動(dòng)態(tài)連接到的位置不同。

但是這個(gè)可以解決:被調(diào)用的函數(shù),在兩邊工程都申明的絕對(duì)地址,并且在非固件更新區(qū)(就是兩邊工程的固件里,這些被調(diào)用函數(shù)的位置都一樣,只需要函數(shù)名和地址一樣即可,函數(shù)內(nèi)部可以不同)。那么被這些調(diào)用的函數(shù)內(nèi),可以隨意調(diào)用其他函數(shù),如printf ,strcpy等庫函數(shù)了。

絕對(duì)定位的函數(shù),如果要使用常量,那么被使用的常量也必須是絕對(duì)定位的。否則跨工程更新固件,會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗。

絕對(duì)定位的函數(shù),如果要使用全局變量,那么被使用的常量也必須是絕對(duì)定位的。否則跨工程更新固件,會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗。而局部變量則不受此限制。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

本文引用地址:http://m.butianyuan.cn/article/201611/317115.htm

###############################################################################
# #
# IAR ELF Linker V5.50.0.51878/W32 for ARM 31/May/201212:50:09 #
# Copyright (C) 2007-2010 IAR Systems AB. #
# #
# Output file=E:stm32software4.45.2DebugExesoftware.out #
# Map file =E:stm32software4.45.2DebugListsoftware.map #
# Command line =E:stm32software4.45.2DebugObjmain.o #
# E:stm32software4.45.2DebugObjtest.o -o #
# E:stm32software4.45.2DebugExesoftware.out --map #
# E:stm32software4.45.2DebugListsoftware.map #
# --config E:stm32software4.45.2stm32f10x_flash.icf #
# --semihosting --entry __iar_program_start #
# #
# #
###############################################################################

*******************************************************************************
*** PLACEMENT SUMMARY
***

"A1":place at 0x08004000 { ro section .intvec };
"A2":place at 0x08017000 { ro section .sendstr };
"A3":place at 0x08018500 { ro section .MYSEG };
"A4":place at 0x08018000 { object test.o section .text };
"P1":place in [from 0x08004000 to 0x08020000] { ro };
"P2":place in [from 0x20000000 to 0x2000bfff] {
rw, block CSTACK, block HEAP };

Section Kind Address SizeObject
------- ---- ------- ----------
"A1": 0x40
.intvec ro code0x08004000 0x40vector_table_M.o [4]
- 0x08004040 0x40

"P1": 0x100
.text ro code0x08004040 0x30copy_init3.o [4]
.text ro code0x08004070 0x2cdata_init3.o [4]
.text ro code0x0800409c 0x28iarttio.o [5]
.iar.init_table const 0x080040c4 0x14- Linker created -
.text ro code0x080040d8 0x16cmain.o [4]
.text ro code0x080040f0 0x14exit.o [5]
.text ro code0x08004104 0xccstartup_M.o [4]
.text ro code0x08004110 0xacexit.o [4]
.text ro code0x0800411a 0xamain.o [1]
.text ro code0x08004124 0x8XShttio.o [3]
.text ro code0x0800412c 0x6exit.o [3]
.text ro code0x08004132 0x4low_level_init.o [3]
.text ro code0x08004136 0x2vector_table_M.o [4]
Initializer bytesro data0x08004138 0x8
- 0x080041400x100

"A2": 0x2
.sendstr ro code0x08017000 0x2main.o [1]
- 0x08017002 0x2

"A4": 0x54
.text ro code0x08018000 0x54test.o [1]
- 0x08018054 0x54

"A3": 0x10
.MYSEG const 0x08018500 0x10test.o [1]
- 0x08018510 0x10

"P2", part 1 of 2: 0x400
CSTACK 0x200000000x400
CSTACK uninit 0x200000000x400
- 0x200004000x400

"P2", part 2 of 2: 0x8
P2 s0 0x20000400 0x8
.data inited 0x20000400 0x8XShttio.o [3]
- 0x20000408 0x8


*******************************************************************************
*** INIT TABLE
***

Address Size
------- ----
Copy (__iar_copy_init3)
1 source range, total size 0x8 (100% of destination):
0x08004138 0x8
1 destination range, total size 0x8:
0x20000400 0x8


*******************************************************************************
*** MODULE SUMMARY
***

Module ro codero datarw data
------ ---------------------
E:stm32software4.45.2DebugObj: [1]
main.o 12
test.o 84 16
-------------------------------------------
Total: 96 16

command line: [2]
-------------------------------------------
Total:

dl7M_tl_in.a: [3]
XShttio.o 8 8 8
exit.o 6
low_level_init.o 4
-------------------------------------------
Total: 18 8 8

rt7M_tl.a: [4]
cexit.o 10
cmain.o 22
copy_init3.o 48
cstartup_M.o 12
data_init3.o 44
vector_table_M.o 66
-------------------------------------------
Total: 202

shb_l.a: [5]
exit.o 20
iarttio.o 40
-------------------------------------------
Total: 60

Gaps 2
Linker created 20 1 024
-----------------------------------------------
Grand Total: 378 44 1 032


*******************************************************************************
*** ENTRY LIST
***

Entry AddressSizeType Object
----- --------------- ------
BusFault_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
CSTACK$$Base 0x20000000 -- Gb- Linker created -
CSTACK$$Limit 0x20000400 -- Gb- Linker created -
DebugMon_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
HardFault_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
MemManage_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
NMI_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
PendSV_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
Region

Table
Base 0x080040c4 -- Gb- Linker created -
Region
Table
Limit0x080040d8 -- Gb- Linker created -
SVC_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
SysTick_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
UsageFault_Handler 0x08004137 CodeWkvector_table_M.o [4]
__cmain 0x080040d9 CodeGbcmain.o [4]
__exit 0x080040f10x14CodeGbexit.o [5]
__iar_close_ttio 0x0800409d0x26CodeGbiarttio.o [5]
__iar_copy_init3 0x080040410x30CodeGbcopy_init3.o [4]
__iar_data_init3 0x080040710x2cCodeGbdata_init3.o [4]
__iar_lookup_ttioh 0x08004125 0x8CodeGbXShttio.o [3]
__iar_program_start 0x08004105 CodeGbcstartup_M.o [4]
__iar_ttio_handles 0x20000400 0x8DataLcXShttio.o [3]
__low_level_init 0x08004133 0x4CodeGblow_level_init.o [3]
__vector_table 0x08004000 DataGbvector_table_M.o [4]
_call_main 0x080040e5 CodeGbcmain.o [4]
_exit 0x08004111 CodeGbcexit.o [4]
_main 0x080040eb CodeGbcmain.o [4]
exit 0x0800412d 0x6CodeGbexit.o [3]
f1 0x08018049 0xcCodeGbtest.o [1]
main 0x0800411b 0xaCodeGbmain.o [1]
sendstr 0x08017001 0x2CodeGbmain.o [1]
str1 0x08018500 0x8DataGbtest.o [1]
str2 0x08018508 0x8DataGbtest.o [1]
test 0x080180010x44CodeGbtest.o [1]


[1] = E:stm32software4.45.2DebugObj
[2] = command line
[3] = dl7M_tl_in.a
[4] = rt7M_tl.a
[5] = shb_l.a

378 bytes of readonlycode memory
44 bytes of readonlydata memory
1 032 bytes of readwrite data memory

Errors: none
Warnings: none

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

這是.icf文件

/*###ICF### Section handled by ICF editor, dont touch! ****/
/*-Editor annotation file-*/
/* IcfEditorFile="$TOOLKIT_DIR$configideIcfEditorcortex_v1_0.xml" */
/*-Specials-*/
define symbol __ICFEDIT_intvec_start__ = 0x08004000;
/*-Memory Regions-*/
define symbol __ICFEDIT_region_ROM_start__ = 0x08004000;
define symbol __ICFEDIT_region_ROM_end__ = 0x08020000;
define symbol __ICFEDIT_region_RAM_start__ = 0x20000000;
define symbol __ICFEDIT_region_RAM_end__ = 0x2000BFFF;
/*-Sizes-*/
define symbol __ICFEDIT_size_cstack__ = 0x400;
define symbol __ICFEDIT_size_heap__ = 0x200;
/**** End of ICF editor section. ###ICF###*/


define memory mem with size = 4G;
define region ROM_region = mem:[from __ICFEDIT_region_ROM_start__ to __ICFEDIT_region_ROM_end__];
define region RAM_region = mem:[from __ICFEDIT_region_RAM_start__ to __ICFEDIT_region_RAM_end__];

define block CSTACK with alignment = 8, size = __ICFEDIT_size_cstack__ { };
define block HEAP with alignment = 8, size = __ICFEDIT_size_heap__ { };

initialize by copy { readwrite };
do not initialize{ section .noinit };

place at address mem:__ICFEDIT_intvec_start__ { readonly section .intvec };

place at address mem:0x08017000 { readonly section .sendstr};
place at address mem:0x08018500 { readonly section .MYSEG};

place at address mem:0x08018000 { section .text object test.o };

place in ROM_region { readonly };
place in RAM_region { readwrite,
block CSTACK, block HEAP };

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

main.c

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "stdio.h"

void sendstr(unsigned *buf,unsigned shortlen) @".sendstr"
{
}

extern void test(void);
extern void main1(void);
int main(void)
{
test();
}

#ifdefUSE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @briefReports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @paramfile: pointer to the source file name
* @paramline: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %drn", file, line) */

/* Infinite loop */
while (1)
{
}
}
#endif

/**
* @}
*/

/**
* @}
*/

/******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2010 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

test.c

//__no_init char array1[100]@0x2000B000;

//char array1[100];

const char str1[8]@".MYSEG"="test11!!";
const char str2[8]@".MYSEG"="test66!!";


int f1(int a,int b);
void test(void)// @".test" //MYSEGMENT段可在XCL中開辟
{
char arrayx[150];
char array1[150];
int i,a,b,c;
for (i=0;i<8;i++){
array1[i]=str1[i];
arrayx[i]=str2[i];
}
a=1;
b=2;
c=f1(a,b);
for (i=0;i sendstr(array1,8);
sendstr(arrayx,8);
}
}

int f1(int a,int b){
if(a>0){
return (a+b)*1;
}
else return 0;
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

對(duì)于你的第三點(diǎn),cortex和其他arm處理器都提供了一種特殊的中斷。。。。Software Interrupt (SVC)
你只要把系統(tǒng)服務(wù)都通過svc來調(diào)用,那么就不需要知道調(diào)用的實(shí)際地址了。。。
當(dāng)然你也可以在固定的位置放一個(gè)函數(shù)指針表來手動(dòng)做這個(gè),調(diào)用系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的時(shí)候從函數(shù)指針表上獲得當(dāng)前版本的函數(shù)的絕對(duì)定位



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