ARM Linux啟動(dòng)分析headarmv.S內(nèi)幕

__create_page_tables:
pgtbl r4, r5 @ page table address

/* Clear the 16K level 1 swapper page table */
mov r0, r4
mov r3, #0
add r2, r0, #0x4000
1: str r3, [r0], #4
str r3, [r0], #4
str r3, [r0], #4
str r3, [r0], #4
teq r0, r2
bne 1b

/*
* Create identity mapping for first MB of kernel to
* cater for the MMU enable.This identity mapping
* will be removed by paging_init()
*/
krnladrr2, r4, r5 @ start of kernel
add r3, r8, r2 @ flags + kernel base
str r3, [r4, r2, lsr #18] @ identity mapping

/*
* Now setup the pagetables for our kernel direct
* mapped region.We round TEXTADDR down to the
* nearest megabyte boundary.
*/
add r0, r4, #(TEXTADDR & 0xff000000) >> 18 @ start of kernel
bic r2, r3, #0x00f00000
str r2, [r0] @ PAGE_OFFSET + 0MB
add r0, r0, #(TEXTADDR & 0x00f00000) >> 18
str r3, [r0], #4 @ KERNEL + 0MB
add r3, r3, #1 << 20
str r3, [r0], #4 @ KERNEL + 1MB
add r3, r3, #1 << 20
str r3, [r0], #4 @ KERNEL + 2MB
add r3, r3, #1 << 20
str r3, [r0], #4 @ KERNEL + 3MB

/*
* Ensure that the first section of RAM is present.
* we assume that:
*1. the RAM is aligned to a 32MB boundary
*2. the kernel is executing in the same 32MB chunk
* as the start of RAM.
*/
bic r0, r0, #0x01f00000 >> 18 @ round down
and r2, r5, #0xfe000000 @ round down
add r3, r8, r2 @ flags + rambase
str r3, [r0]

bic r8, r8, #0x0c @ turn off cacheable
@ and bufferable bits
代碼創(chuàng)建頁(yè)表目錄。首先清空從0xA0004000開始的16K頁(yè)表項(xiàng)。然后，為了可以訪問從0xA0000000開始的內(nèi)核的1M空間，將該地址對(duì)應(yīng)的頁(yè)表項(xiàng)賦值。接著映射從TEXTADDR開始的4M的虛擬地址空間，這需要4個(gè)頁(yè)表項(xiàng)。最后，由于SDRAM開始的第一MB的空間存放有啟動(dòng)時(shí)的一些參數(shù)，所以也需要映射。在這里，該映射和前面的虛擬地址的映射在地址上是相等的。

在創(chuàng)建頁(yè)表目錄完成后，代碼通過前面主程序的最后一句addpc, r10, #12跳轉(zhuǎn)到實(shí)際的CPU的設(shè)置子程序__xscale_setup。
__xscale_setup:
mov r0, #F_BIT|I_BIT|SVC_MODE
msr cpsr_c, r0
mcr p15, 0, ip, c7, c7, 0@ invalidate I, D caches & BTB
mcr p15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4 @ Drain Write (& Fill) Buffer
mcr p15, 0, ip, c8, c7, 0 @ invalidate I, D TLBs
mcr p15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0 @ load page table pointer
mov r0, #0x1f @ Domains 0, 1 = client
mcr p15, 0, r0, c3, c0, 0@ load domain access register
mov r0, #1 @ Allow user space to access
mcr p15, 0, r0, c15, c1, 0 @ ... CP 0 only.
#if CACHE_WRITE_THROUGH
mov r0, #0x20
#else
Mov r0, #0x00
#endif
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c1, 0 @ set auxiliary control reg
mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 @ get control register
bic r0, r0, #0x0200 @ ......R.........
bic r0, r0, #0x0082 @ ........B.....A.
orr r0, r0, #0x0005 @ .............C.M
orr r0, r0, #0x3900 @ ..VIZ..S........
#ifdef CONFIG_XSCALE_CACHE_ERRATA
bic r0, r0, #0x0004 @ see cpu_xscale_proc_init
#endif
mov pc, lr
主要是操作協(xié)處理器，設(shè)置頁(yè)表目錄項(xiàng)基地址，對(duì)CACHE和BUFFER的控制位進(jìn)行一些操作。具體大家可以看看介紹ARM編程的書。

.type__switch_data, %object
__switch_data:.long__mmap_switched
.long SYMBOL_NAME(__bss_start)
.long SYMBOL_NAME(_end)
.long SYMBOL_NAME(processor_id)
.long SYMBOL_NAME(__machine_arch_type)
.long SYMBOL_NAME(cr_alignment)
.long SYMBOL_NAME(init_task_union)+8192

.type __ret, %function
__ret: ldr lr, __switch_data
mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0
mov r0, r0
mov r0, r0
mov r0, r0
mov pc, lr

.align 5
__mmap_switched:
adr r3, __switch_data + 4
ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6, r7, r8, sp}@ r2 = compat
@ sp = stack pointer

mov fp, #0 @ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
1: cmp r4, r5
strcc fp, [r4],#4
bcc 1b

str r9, [r6] @ Save processor ID
str r1, [r7] @ Save machine type
#ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
orr r0, r0, #2 @ ...........A.
#endif
bic r2, r0, #2 @ Clear A bit
stmia r8, {r0, r2} @ Save control register values
bSYMBOL_NAME(start_kernel)
最后這段代碼的作用主要是在進(jìn)入C函數(shù)前先做一些變量的初始化和保存工作。首先清空BSS區(qū)域，然后保存處理器ID和機(jī)器類型到各自變量地址，接著保存cr_alignment，最后跳轉(zhuǎn)到init/main.c中的start_kernel函數(shù)運(yùn)行。

以上介紹的是head-armv.S文件的主要內(nèi)容和功能，它是linux運(yùn)行的第一個(gè)文件，具有非常重要的意義。很好的閱讀該文件，對(duì)于我們理解ARM處理器的工作方式有很大的幫助。同時(shí)，在許多l(xiāng)inux系統(tǒng)的移植工作中，往往需要對(duì)該文件透徹的理解。