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GNU ARM匯編--(五)中斷匯編之嵌套中斷處理

作者: 時(shí)間:2016-11-26 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 收藏
在上篇《GNU ARM匯編--(四)中斷匯編之非嵌套中斷處理》中分析了最簡(jiǎn)單的中斷處理的寫法,再看TQ2440啟動(dòng)代碼中的中斷向量表的寫法就一目了然了.今天抽時(shí)間對(duì)嵌套中斷處理的學(xué)習(xí)做下整理.

嵌套中斷處理的核心代碼如下:

本文引用地址:http://m.butianyuan.cn/article/201611/321726.htm

[cpp]view plaincopy
  1. ;/*
  2. ;*____________________________________________________________________
  3. ;*
  4. ;*Copyright(c)2004,AndrewN.Sloss,ChrisWrightandDominicSymes
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  50. ;/***********************************************************************
  51. ;*
  52. ;*Module:nih9_9.s
  53. ;*Descriptions:NestedInterruptHandler
  54. ;*Example:9.9
  55. ;*OS:generic
  56. ;*Platform:generic
  57. ;*History:
  58. ;*
  59. ;*31thDecember2003
  60. ;*-addedheader
  61. ;*
  62. ;***********************************************************************/
  63. EXPORTnestedInterruptHandler
  64. MaskmdEQU0x1f;processormodemask
  65. SVC32mdEQU0x13;SVCmode
  66. I_BitEQU0x80;IRQbit
  67. FRAME_R0EQU0x00
  68. FRAME_R1EQUFRAME_R0+4
  69. FRAME_R2EQUFRAME_R1+4
  70. FRAME_R3EQUFRAME_R2+4
  71. FRAME_R4EQUFRAME_R3+4
  72. FRAME_R5EQUFRAME_R4+4
  73. FRAME_R6EQUFRAME_R5+4
  74. FRAME_R7EQUFRAME_R6+4
  75. FRAME_R8EQUFRAME_R7+4
  76. FRAME_R9EQUFRAME_R8+4
  77. FRAME_R10EQUFRAME_R9+4
  78. FRAME_R11EQUFRAME_R10+4
  79. FRAME_R12EQUFRAME_R11+4
  80. FRAME_PSREQUFRAME_R12+4
  81. FRAME_LREQUFRAME_PSR+4
  82. FRAME_PCEQUFRAME_LR+4
  83. FRAME_SIZEEQUFRAME_PC+4
  84. AREAnih9_9,CODE,readonly
  85. nestedInterruptHandler;instructionstate:comment
  86. SUBr14,r14,#4;2:
  87. STMDBr13!,{r0-r3,r12,r14};2:savecontext
  88. ;
  89. BLread_RescheduleFlag;3:moreprocessing
  90. CMPr0,#0;3:ifprocessing?
  91. LDMNEIAr13!,{r0-r3,r12,pc}^;4:thenreturn
  92. MRSr2,SPSR;5:copySPSR_irq
  93. MOVr0,r13;5:copyr13_irq
  94. ADDr13,r13,#6*4;5:resetstack
  95. MRSr1,CPSR;6:copyCPSR
  96. BICr1,r1,#Maskmd;6:
  97. ORRr1,r1,#SVC32md;6:
  98. MSRCPSR_c,r1;6:changeSVCmode
  99. SUBr13,r13,#FRAME_SIZE-FRAME_R4;7:makestackspace
  100. STMIAr13,{r4-r11};7:saver4-r11
  101. LDMIAr0,{r4-r9};7:r4-r9IRQstack
  102. BICr1,r1,#I_Bit;8:
  103. MSRCPSR_c,r1;8:enableint
  104. STMDBr13!,{r4-r7};9:saver4-r7SVC
  105. STRr2,[r13,#FRAME_PSR];9:savePSR
  106. STRr8,[r13,#FRAME_R12];9:saver12
  107. STRr9,[r13,#FRAME_PC];9:savepc
  108. STRr14,[r13,#FRAME_LR];9:savelr
  109. ;
  110. LDMIAr13!,{r0-r12,r14};11:restorecontext
  111. MSRSPSR_cxsf,r14;11:restoreSPSR
  112. LDMIAr13!,{r14,pc}^;11:return
  113. read_RescheduleFlag
  114. ;
  115. MOVr0,#0;moreprocessing
  116. MOVpc,r14;return
  117. END


代碼的關(guān)鍵就是在中斷后切換到SVC模式下,利用svc mode的stack來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)中斷嵌套過(guò)程的備份以及恢復(fù)操作.從代碼中可以看到,從R0到PC都在棧中有備份,這里我們叫棧幀.記得《深入理解計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)》一書在講x86匯編的函數(shù)調(diào)用時(shí)也是棧幀的概念.這點(diǎn)上中斷嵌套和函數(shù)調(diào)用有相似之處.有了這個(gè)棧幀,利用壓棧出棧操作就一切ok了.

剛看這個(gè)代碼,對(duì)有個(gè)地方有疑問(wèn),就是覺(jué)得中斷開早了:

BIC r1,r1,#I_Bit ; 8 :
MSR CPSR_c,r1 ; 8 : enable int
STMDB r13!,{r4-r7} ; 9 : save r4-r7 SVC
STR r2,[r13,#FRAME_PSR] ; 9 : save PSR
STR r8,[r13,#FRAME_R12] ; 9 : save r12
STR r9,[r13,#FRAME_PC] ; 9 : save pc
STR r14,[r13,#FRAME_LR] ; 9 : save lr

覺(jué)得開中斷的代碼應(yīng)該放在后面,這樣才能保證svc mode下的stack frame不會(huì)被破壞.但在草稿紙上畫一下irq和svc下的stack圖,就發(fā)現(xiàn)堆棧操作并沒(méi)有問(wèn)題.可以假設(shè)剛開中斷立馬就有新的中斷了,r4-r7 r8 r9都有在STMIA r13,{r4-r11} 中保存到svc的stack中,LDMIA r0,{r4-r9} 和STMDB r13!,{r4-r7} 保證了最初的r0-r3在棧中,而LDMIA r0,{r4-r9}和STR r8,[r13,#FRAME_R12] 以及STR r9,[r13,#FRAME_PC] 保證了R12和PC,保證正確返回.(這里的r9裝的是r14_irq,所以pc就是r14_irq,這樣就保證了從中斷服務(wù)例程中返回).至于STR r14,[r13,#FRAME_LR]中的r14是r14_svc,將其壓入svc的stack中,中斷例程用bl就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤了,在最后LDMIA r13!,{r14,pc}^ 中r14得到恢復(fù).而r2保存的是spsr,也就是svc模式的狀態(tài),一直不變,不用擔(dān)心會(huì)被覆蓋.

最后,再看了一遍圖,覺(jué)得r10和r11的幀可以省去,因?yàn)閞4-r9是用來(lái)存atpcs的r0-r3,r12,r14,而r10和r11用不到.貌似可以省點(diǎn)空間和時(shí)間,具體的待會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)一下.

下面給出實(shí)際的嵌套中斷處理,利用r10來(lái)保存INTOFFSET的值,根據(jù)該值來(lái)判定是什么中斷,從而做不同的處理.具體的效果是:代碼會(huì)做流水燈的動(dòng)作,Key1代表INT1,中斷處理動(dòng)作是4個(gè)燈全全亮然后全滅,Key4代表代表INT0,中斷處理動(dòng)作是第一個(gè)燈和第三個(gè)燈亮,然后第二個(gè)燈和第四個(gè)燈亮.

[cpp]view plaincopy
  1. /*
  2. simpleinterruption
  3. copyleft@dndxhej@gmail.com
  4. */
  5. .equMaskmd,0x1f@processormodemask
  6. .equSVC32md,0x13@SVCmode
  7. .equI_Bit,0x80@IRQbit
  8. .equFRAME_R0,0x00
  9. .equFRAME_R1,FRAME_R0+4
  10. .equFRAME_R2,FRAME_R1+4
  11. .equFRAME_R3,FRAME_R2+4
  12. .equFRAME_R4,FRAME_R3+4
  13. .equFRAME_R5,FRAME_R4+4
  14. .equFRAME_R6,FRAME_R5+4
  15. .equFRAME_R7,FRAME_R6+4
  16. .equFRAME_R8,FRAME_R7+4
  17. .equFRAME_R9,FRAME_R8+4
  18. .equFRAME_R10,FRAME_R9+4
  19. .equFRAME_R11,FRAME_R10+4
  20. .equFRAME_R12,FRAME_R11+4
  21. .equFRAME_PSR,FRAME_R12+4
  22. .equFRAME_LR,FRAME_PSR+4
  23. .equFRAME_PC,FRAME_LR+4
  24. .equFRAME_SIZE,FRAME_PC+4
  25. .equNOINT,0xc0
  26. .equWTCON,0x53000000
  27. .equGPBCON,0x56000010@led
  28. .equGPBDAT,0x56000014@led
  29. .equGPBUP,0x56000018@led
  30. .equGPFCON,0x56000050@interruptconfig
  31. .equEINTMASK,0x560000a4
  32. .equEXTINT0,0x56000088
  33. .equEXTINT1,0x5600008c
  34. .equEXTINT2,0x56000090
  35. .equINTMSK,0x4A000008
  36. .equEINTPEND,0x560000a8
  37. .equINTSUBMSK,0X4A00001C
  38. .equSRCPND,0X4A000000
  39. .equINTPND,0X4A000010
  40. .equINTOFFSET,0x4A000014
  41. .global_start
  42. _start:breset
  43. ldrpc,_undefined_instruction
  44. ldrpc,_software_interrupt
  45. ldrpc,_prefetch_abort
  46. ldrpc,_data_abort
  47. ldrpc,_not_used
  48. @birq
  49. ldrpc,_irq
  50. ldrpc,_fiq
  51. _undefined_instruction:.wordundefined_instruction
  52. _software_interrupt:.wordsoftware_interrupt
  53. _prefetch_abort:.wordprefetch_abort
  54. _data_abort:.worddata_abort
  55. _not_used:.wordnot_used
  56. _irq:.wordirq
  57. _fiq:.wordfiq
  58. .balignl16,0xdeadbeef
  59. reset:
  60. ldrr3,=WTCON
  61. movr4,#0x0
  62. strr4,[r3]@disablewatchdog
  63. ldrr0,=GPBCON
  64. ldrr1,=0x15400
  65. strr1,[r0]
  66. ldrr2,=GPBDAT
  67. ldrr1,=0x160
  68. strr1,[r2]
  69. bldelay
  70. msrcpsr_c,#0xd2@進(jìn)入中斷模式
  71. ldrsp,=0xc00@中斷模式的棧指針定義
  72. msrcpsr_c,#0xd3@進(jìn)入svc模式
  73. ldrsp,=0xfff@設(shè)置svc模式的棧指針
  74. @--------------------------------------------
  75. ldrr0,=GPBUP
  76. ldrr1,=0x03f0
  77. strr1,[r0]

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關(guān)鍵詞: ARM匯編中斷匯編中斷處

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