51單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)PID算法（溫度控制）

//================================================================
// pid.H
// Operation about PID algorithm procedure
// C51編譯器Keil 7.08
//================================================================
// 作者:zhoufeng
// Date :2007-08-06
// All rights reserved.
//================================================================

#include
#include
typedefunsignedcharuint8;
typedefunsignedintuint16;
typedefunsignedlong intuint32;

voidPIDOutput ();
voidPIDOperation ();

typedef struct PIDValue
{
uint32Ek_Uint32[3];//差值保存，給定和反饋的差值
uint8EkFlag_Uint8[3];//符號(hào)，1則對(duì)應(yīng)的為負(fù)數(shù)，0為對(duì)應(yīng)的為正數(shù)
uint8KP_Uint8;
uint8KI_Uint8;
uint8KD_Uint8;
uint16Uk_Uint16;//上一時(shí)刻的控制電壓
uint16RK_Uint16;//設(shè)定值
uint16CK_Uint16;//實(shí)際值
}PIDValueStr;
PIDValueStrPID;
uint8out ;// 加熱輸出
uint8count;// 輸出時(shí)間單位計(jì)數(shù)器

voidPIDOperation (void)
{
uint32Temp[3];//中間臨時(shí)變量
uint32PostSum;//正數(shù)和
uint32NegSum;//負(fù)數(shù)和
Temp[0] = 0;
Temp[1] = 0;
Temp[2] = 0;
PostSum = 0;
NegSum= 0;
if( PID.RK_Uint16 > PID.CK_Uint16 )//設(shè)定值大于實(shí)際值否？
{
if( PID.RK_Uint16 - PID.CK_Uint16 >10 )//偏差大于10否？
{
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 100;}//偏差大于10為上限幅值輸出(全速加熱)
else
{
Temp[0] = PID.RK_Uint16 - PID.CK_Uint16;//偏差<=10,計(jì)算E(k)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[1]=0;//E(k)為正數(shù)
//數(shù)值移位
PID.Ek_Uint32[2] = PID.Ek_Uint32[1];
PID.Ek_Uint32[1] = PID.Ek_Uint32[0];
PID.Ek_Uint32[0] = Temp[0];

if( PID.Ek_Uint32[0] >PID.Ek_Uint32[1] )//E(k)>E(k-1)否？
{
Temp[0]=PID.Ek_Uint32[0] - PID.Ek_Uint32[1];//E(k)>E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]=0;}//E(k)-E(k-1)為正數(shù)
else
{
Temp[0]=PID.Ek_Uint32[0] - PID.Ek_Uint32[1];//E(k)PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]=1;}//E(k)-E(k-1)為負(fù)數(shù)

Temp[2]=PID.Ek_Uint32[1]*2 ;// 2E(k-1)
if( (PID.Ek_Uint32[0] PID.Ek_Uint32[2])>Temp[2] )//E(k-2) E(k)>2E(k-1)否？
{
Temp[2]=(PID.Ek_Uint32[0] PID.Ek_Uint32[2])-Temp[2];//E(k-2) E(k)>2E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]=0;}//E(k-2) E(k)-2E(k-1)為正數(shù)
else
{
Temp[2]=Temp[2]-(PID.Ek_Uint32[0] PID.Ek_Uint32[2]);//E(k-2) E(k)<2E(k-1)
PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]=1;}//E(k-2) E(k)-2E(k-1)為負(fù)數(shù)

Temp[0] = (uint32)PID.KP_Uint8 * Temp[0];// KP*[E(k)-E(k-1)]
Temp[1] = (uint32)PID.KI_Uint8 * PID.Ek_Uint32[0];// KI*E(k)
Temp[2] = (uint32)PID.KD_Uint8 * Temp[2];// KD*[E(k-2) E(k)-2E(k-1)]

if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[0]==0)
PostSum = Temp[0];//正數(shù)和
else
NegSum = Temp[0];//負(fù)數(shù)和

if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[1]==0)
PostSum = Temp[1];//正數(shù)和
else
;//空操作，E(K)>0

if(PID.EkFlag_Uint8[2]==0)
PostSum = Temp[2];//正數(shù)和
else
NegSum = Temp[2];//負(fù)數(shù)和

PostSum = (uint32)PID.Uk_Uint16;

if(PostSum > NegSum )// 是否控制量為正數(shù)
{ Temp[0] = PostSum - NegSum;
if( Temp[0] < 100 )//小于上限幅值則為計(jì)算值輸出
PID.Uk_Uint16 = (uint16)Temp[0];
else
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 100;//否則為上限幅值輸出
}
else//控制量輸出為負(fù)數(shù)，則輸出0(下限幅值輸出)
PID.Uk_Uint16 = 0;
}
}
else
{ PID.Uk_Uint16 = 0;}

}

voidPIDOutput (void)
{
staticint i;
i=PID.Uk_Uint16;
if(i==0)
out=1;
else out=0;
if((count )==5)//如定時(shí)中斷為40MS,40MS*5=0.2S(輸出時(shí)間單位),加熱周期20S(100等份)
{//每20S PID運(yùn)算一次
count=0;
i--;
}
}